Linux on 施星宇

Build U-boot for QEMU

Thu, 30 Jan 2025 20:56:58 +0800

Install Dependencies

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sudo apt install \
bc build-essential git libncurses5-dev \
lzop perl libssl-dev bison flex \
swig libyaml-dev pkg-config python3-dev

Clone U-boot Source

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git clone https://github.com/u-boot/u-boot.git
cd u-boot
make distclean
make qemu_arm64_defconfig && make -j8

make distclean This cleans the repository by removing any previous build artifacts, generated configuration files, or object files. It ensures you have a completely fresh start, especially useful if you built U-Boot for a different target earlier.
make qemu_arm64_defconfig This sets the default configuration for building U-Boot specifically for a QEMU ARM64 (AArch64) virtual environment. Defconfigs are baseline config files that initialize a bunch of standard options for a given architecture or board in U-Boot.
make -j8 Builds U-Boot with 8 parallel jobs, leveraging multiple cores to speed up compilation. The output of this step will typically produce u-boot.bin and other binaries needed to run U-Boot (like u-boot.elf or u-boot.map).

Run U-boot with QEMU

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qemu-system-aarch64 \  
-M virt \
-cpu cortex-a57 \
-m 1024 \
-nographic \
-bios u-boot.bin

-M virt: Specifies the QEMU “virt” machine model, a generic machine typically used for virtualizing ARM systems.
-cpu cortex-a57: Defines the virtual CPU core type. Cortex-A57 is a common 64-bit ARM core.
-m 1024: Allocates 1024 MB of memory (i.e., 1 GB) to the virtual machine.
-nographic: Disables graphical output and directs all console I/O to the terminal.
-bios u-boot.bin: Instructs QEMU to use the u-boot.bin file as the “BIOS” or firmware image. Essentially, QEMU treats this binary as the initial code that runs at system reset, simulating the environment where U-Boot is the first piece of software to execute.

Output

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U-Boot 2025.04-rc1-00020-g021baf7b08cc (Jan 30 2025 - 14:41:56 +0000)

DRAM: 1 GiB
Core: 51 devices, 14 uclasses, devicetree: board
Flash: 64 MiB
Loading Environment from Flash... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In: serial,usbkbd
Out: serial,vidconsole
Err: serial,vidconsole
No USB controllers found
Net: eth0: virtio-net#32

starting USB...
No USB controllers found
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
Scanning for bootflows in all bootdevs
Seq Method State Uclass Part Name Filename
--- ----------- ------ -------- ---- ------------------------ ----------------
Scanning global bootmeth 'efi_mgr':
Cannot persist EFI variables without system partition
Missing TPMv2 device for EFI_TCG_PROTOCOL
Missing RNG device for EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL
Scanning bootdev 'fw-cfg@9020000.bootdev':
fatal: no kernel available
No USB controllers found
scanning bus for devices...
Scanning bootdev 'virtio-net#32.bootdev':
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (13 ms)
*** Warning: no boot file name; using '0A00020F.img'
Using virtio-net#32 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename '0A00020F.img'.
Load address: 0x40400000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
No more bootdevs
--- ----------- ------ -------- ---- ------------------------ ----------------
(0 bootflows, 0 valid)
=>

Docker使用小筆記

Mon, 30 May 2022 14:56:58 +0800

Docker使用小筆記

前言

Docker可以說是雲端技術中非常重要的一項專案，這個專案實現了Container技術，使得軟體的執行可以不在受系統環境限制，更加速了雲端技術中Microservice概念的發展，以下就簡單介紹常用的Docker指令。

基本操作

離開但不關閉container：

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crtl+p crtl+q

連著打

查看container列表

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sudo docker container ls

進入container

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sudo docker attach <ID>

關閉container

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sudo container stop <ID>

Docker Image操作

查看image列表

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sudo docker image ls

下載image

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sudo docker pull <hub path>

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sudo docker run <--gpus all> <-it> <-p 80(local):80(docker)> <-v /data(local):/data(docker) <images> <command>

image commit

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sudo docker commit <ID> <images name>

Reference

https://larrylu.blog/step-by-step-dockerize-your-app-ecd8940696f4

在沒有sudo權限使用docker： https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/rootless/
docker儲存： https://peihsinsu.gitbooks.io/docker-note-book/content/docker-save-image.html
docker run 操作： https://noob.tw/docker-basic/
docker port： https://www.runoob.com/docker/docker-run-command.html
nvidia docker： https://gitlab.com/nvidia/container-images/cuda/blob/master/doc/supported-tags.md https://www.celantur.com/blog/run-cuda-in-docker-on-linux/ https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/#access-an-nvidia-gpu error解法： https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1243
x11 firefox docker： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16296753/can-you-run-gui-applications-in-a-docker-container
指令大全： https://github.com/docker-library/php/issues/359
沒有中文的解法： https://github.com/docker-library/php/issues/359

Linux終端機視窗管理工具tmux筆記

Mon, 30 May 2022 13:32:31 +0800

Linux終端機視窗管理工具tmux筆記

前言

一般在操作遠端的Linux主機時通常會使用SSH連線進去操作，然而若遇到需要執行一個不可中斷的指令但又不得不中斷SSH連線時，一般情況下會將該Process拉到背景執行或是使用視窗管理工具screen，而tmux則是另一個非常強大的視窗管理工具，可以在終端機中模擬視窗操作，包括視窗的切換、視窗的切割等等，以下就列出一些tmux常用到的一些指令。

基本

進入tmux

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tmux

列出tmux視窗列表

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tmux ls

連接tmux使窗

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tmux attach -t 0

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tmux attach -t database

建立一個名為database的視窗

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tmux new -s database

更改名稱

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tmux rename-session -t 0 database

水平切割

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ctrl+b
%

垂直切割

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ctrl+b
"

建立新視窗

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ctrl+b
c

上一個視窗

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ctrl+b
p

下一個視窗

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ctrl+b
n

依照編號直接切換（編號顯示於狀態列）

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ctrl+b
<number>

視窗選單

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ctrl+b
s

滑動視窗

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crtl+b [
q (離開)

進階

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# 新增
$ tmux
# OR
$ tmux new -s <your_session_name>

# session 列表
$ tmux ls

# 重新連線 session
$ tmux a -t 0
# OR
$ tmux a -t <session_name>

# 刪除 session
$ tmux kill-session -t 0
# OR
$ tmux kill-session -t <session_name>
# OR
$ tmux kill-session -a # 全部

# 刪除 tmux server
$ tmux kill-server

# 重新命名 session
$ tmux rename-session -t 0 <new_session_name>

# 快捷鍵/視窗管理
# C-b ? Help
# C-b c 新增視窗
# C-b， 視窗命名
# C-b w 視窗列表
# C-b f 尋找視窗
# C-b & 刪除視窗
# C-b % 垂直分割區塊
# C-b “ 水平分割區塊
# C-b <方向鍵>
# C-b p 上一個視窗
# C-b n 下一個視窗
# C-b <number> 依照編號直接切換（編號顯示於狀態列）
# C-b d 離開 session
# C-b x 關閉 Pane
# C-d 關閉 Pane
# C-b z 讓一個 Pane 變成全螢幕，在輸入一次則回到剛剛的尺寸

Reference

ssh自動連進tmux https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27613209/how-to-automatically-start-tmux-on-ssh-session
與iterm結合 https://medium.com/@wancw/iterm2-ssh-tmux-73d3fcf9dac6